Regulation effects of liuwei dihuang pill, jingui shenqi pill, jiangu erxian pill containing serums on adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation-related genes expressions in the differentiation process of preadipocytes to osteoblasts / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of Chinese medical recipes for invigorating Shen on rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-derived preadipocytes' differentiation to osteoblasts.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The BMSCs were cultured using whole bone marrow adherence wall method. The BMSCs were induced to preadipocytes by classic chemical method. The osteogenic differentiation process of preadipocytes was intervened by Liuwei Dihuang Pill (LDP), Jingui Shenqi Pill (JSP), or Jiangu Erxian Pill (JEP)-containing serums (with the concentRation of 10%, on behalf of tonifying Shen yin, tonifying Shen yang, and tonifying Shen essence). Reverse transcription-real time fluorescent quantitative-PCR (RT real time qPCR) was used to detect RUNX2, ALP, BGP, BMP2, BMP4, SPP1, and IGF1 mRNA expressions of osteogenic differentiation-related genes, mRNA expressions of LPL, FABP4, and PPARgamma of adipogenic differentiation-related genes on the 6th, the 12th, and the 18th day.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As for the osteogenic differentiation-related gene, when compared with the control group, there was no statistical difference in the gene expression level in the experimental groups on the 6th day (2.0 > Ratio > 0.5). On the 12th day, the mRNA expressions of IGF1 and Runx2 increased more significantly in the JSP group, with their relative quantification (Ratio) being 2.97 and 1.81 respectively. On the 18th day the IGF1 mRNA expression significantly increased, being the Ratio value of 3.74, 12.60, and 8.35, respectively, in the LDP group, the JSP group, and the JEP group. The SPP1 mRNA expression also significantly increased, with the Ratio value of 2.94, 3.18, and 2.62, respectively, in the LDP group, the JSP group, and the JEP group. As for adipogenic differentiation-related genes, on the 6th day, when compared with the control group, FABP4 mRNA expression significantly decreased in the LDP group and the JSP group (with the Ratio value of 0.47 and 0.40 respectively). The expression levels of other genes were all down-regulated, but not significantly. On the 12th day and 18th day, there was no statistical change in the adipogenic differentiation-related genes expressions (2.0 > Ratio > 0.5).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Up-regulation of osteogenic differentiation-related genes expression occurred in later time, while down-regulation of adipogenic differentiation-related genes expression occurred in earlier time after treatment by Chinese medical recipes for invigorating Shen. In general, above data indicated that tonifying Shen yang was more effective in promoting osteogenic differentiation and inhibiting adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs.</p>

Comparative study of enhancing effect on mRNA expression of hematopoietic growth factors in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by ginseng polysaccharide and ginsenoside / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study mRNA expression levels of main hematopoietic growth factors in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC), and to compare effect on mRNA expression levels treated by ginseng polysaccharide and ginsenoside.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Relative quantification real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to observe mRNA expression levels of IL4, Csf2, Kitlg, Csf1, IL6, Lif, Csf3, IL11, Epo, and IL3, etc. in rat BM-MSC treated with ginseng polysaccharide (20 microg/mL) or ginsenoside (20 microg/mL) at 12, 24, and 36 h.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>IL4 and Csf2 mRNA expressions were not detected. Relative expression of Kitlg, Csf1, IL6, Lif, Csf3, IL11, Epo and IL3 mRNA ranked in an attenuating order when compared with Gapdh mRNA. mRNA expression of Epo and IL3 was not significantly changed at any time point by treatment of ginseng polysaccharide or ginsenoside in rat BM-MSC (P > 0.05). mRNA expression of Csf1, IL6, Lif, Csf3 and IL11 were significantly enhanced at 12 and 36 h by treatment of ginseng polysaccharide (P < 0.05) and that of Csf1, IL6, Lif, Csf3, and Kitlg were significantly enhanced at 24 h in rat BM-MSC (P < 0.05). The enhanced mRNA expression was Csf3 at 12 h, Csf3, IL6 and Lif at 24 h, and Csf3, IL6, Lif, IL11, and Kitlg, respectively at 36 h by treatment of ginsenoside in rat BM-MSC.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The enhancement of ginseng polysaccharide was stronger than that of ginsenoside on mRNA expression of hematopoietic growth factors in the initial stage. As time went by, the enhancement of ginsenoside gradually increased and exceeded that of ginseng polysaccharide.</p>

A 10-year-review (1998-2007) on 3449 cases of osteoporotic hip fractures: trend of hospitalization and inpatient casts / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective The purpose of this retrospective research was to analyze the trend of hospitalized prevalence in the past 10 years (1998 -2007) and to estimate resource utilization associated with osteoporotic hip fractures, including hospital length of stay and inpatient costs in Guangzhou,China. Methods 3449 patients aged 50 years and older,hospitalized for primary diagnose of hip fractures in both hospitals in the past ten years were included in our study. Completed data was obtained retrospectively from the hospital medical records. Clinical parameters such as sex-specifics, hospital length of stay, inpatient costs and the constitutions of the inpatient costs were analyzed with multiple statistics methods and regrcssions Results Over the 10-year study period, the number of hospitalizations for hip fractures increased with a curve model. Male and female ratio was 1:1.95 with an average age of the patients as76.32±9.52 years old. Average hospital length of stay was 23.59±13.48 days with no significant difference between males and females, years of admission and the different diagnoses. The number of hospitalization went to the top at the age of 70 to 79 years old (38.45%), followed by 80-89 years old(33.08 % ). Femoral neck fractures was significantly more than that of inter-trochanteric fractures in those patients aged 50 to 79 years (P<0.01 ) but less than those intertrochanteric fractures aged 90 years and older (P<0.05). Average inpatient costs is about 23.52±17.00 thousand Yuan (RMB) (femoral neck fractures is about 25.09±17.62 thousand Yuan and intertrochanteric fracture is 21.44±15.92 thousand Yuan) of which treatment costs (included implants, materials used in the theatre and routinely care of the wound) contributed 52 %, pharmacy intervention 25 %, operation 6 %, ward expenditure 5 %, radiology and physical investigation 5 %, and chemistry test 4 %. The inpatient cost went to a peak at the age of 60-69 years old and were significantly correlated with the hospital length of stay. The coat increased every year in the past 10 years by 6.18%. Conclusion These results emphasized that the growing economic impact arising from the inpatient treatment of ostcoporotic hip fractures and most of which related to treatment cost(include implants, materials used in the theatre and routinely care of the wound), and drugs and always correlated to length of hospital stay. Cost control should be paid more attention to the implants and drugs.

Influence of cryopreserved olfactory ensheathing cells transplantation on axonal regeneration in spinal cord of adult rats / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of cryopreserved olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) transplantation on axonal regeneration and functional recovery following spinal cord injury in adult rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four rats were divided into experimental and control groups, each group having 12 rats. The spinal cord injury was established by transecting the spinal cord at T10 level with microsurgery scissors. OECs were purified from SD rat olfactory bulb and cultured in DMEM (Dulbecco's minimum essential medium) and cryopreserved (-120 degree) for two weeks. OECs suspension [(1-1.4)x10(5)/ul] was transplanted into transected spinal cord, while the DMEM solution was injected instead in the control group. At 6 and 12 weeks after transplantation, the rats were evaluated with climbing test and MEP (moter evoked potentials) monitoring. The samples of spinal cord were procured and studied with histological and immunohistochemical stainings.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 6 weeks after transplantation, all of the rats in both transplanted and control groups were paraplegic, and MEPs could not be recorded. Morphology of transplanted OECs was normal, and OECs were interfused with host well. Axons could regrow into gap tissue between the spinal cords. Both OECs and regrown axons were immunoreactive for MBP. No regrown axons were found in the control group. At 12 weeks after transplantation, 2 rats (2/7) had lower extremities muscle contraction, 2 rats (2/7) had hip and/or knee active movement, and MEP of 5 rats (5/7) could be recorded in the calf in the transplantation group. None of the rats (7/7) in the control group had functional improvement, and none had MEPs recorded. In the transplanted group, histological and immunohistochemical methods showed the number of transplanted OECs reduced and some regrown axons had reached the end of transected spinal cord. However, no regrown axons could be seen except scar formation in the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cryopreserved OECs could integrated with the host and promote regrowing axons across the transected spinal cord ends.</p>

Effect of jiangu erxian pill on proliferation and cell cycle of human osteoblast / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To further explore the effect of Jiangu Erxian Pill (JGEXP) on proliferation and cell cycle of human osteoblast on the basis of previous clinical and experimental studies.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human primary osteoblast were isolated and cultured. The cell proliferation was tested by 3H-thymine incorporation and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MMT) method and the cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the medium and high dosage JGEXP groups, the cell proliferation rate and index, and percentage of diploid synthesis phase (S phase) cells were significantly higher than those in the blank control group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), and similar to those in the estrogen group; and the cell apoptosis rate and percentage of G0-G1 stage cells were lower than those in the blank control group (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>JGEXP could effectively promote the cell proliferation and differentiation, and prevent the cell apoptosis of osteoblast in vitro.</p>